What is the process of converting liquid into vapor called?

The process of converting liquid into vapor is known as evaporation. This transformation occurs when molecules in a liquid gain enough energy to break free from the surface and enter the gas phase. It is an essential process, particularly in the water cycle, where water from oceans, lakes, and rivers evaporates into the atmosphere, contributing to cloud formation and precipitation.

In this context, evaporation typically happens at temperatures below the boiling point of the liquid, allowing it to occur gradually. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and air movement.

The other processes listed serve different functions. For example, condensation refers to the change of vapor back into liquid, filtration is a method for separating solids from fluids, and dehydration involves the removal of water from a substance. These terms are distinct in their definitions and applications, highlighting the specific nature of evaporation in the context of phase changes.