Who is known for the theory of evolution?

The theory of evolution is primarily attributed to Charles Darwin, who introduced this groundbreaking concept in his work "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859. Darwin's theory suggests that species evolve over time through a process called natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environments tend to survive and produce more offspring. This idea fundamentally changed our understanding of biology and the development of life on Earth.

Isaac Newton is renowned for his contributions to physics and mathematics, especially his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which do not relate to biological evolution. Albert Einstein is best known for his theories of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. Galileo Galilei made significant contributions to astronomy and physics but did not develop a theory related to evolution. Thus, among these options, Charles Darwin is uniquely recognized for his foundational role in the study of evolutionary biology.